New CEOs are often told they have big shoes to fill. But the challenge isn't really about size, of course.

It would be more precise (if perhaps a bit unappealing) to say that a new association executive has old shoes to fill. Association CEOs tend to stay longer than corporate executives, so when there's a leadership change, boards have often grown accustomed to the previous leader's ways of doing things—even if those ways were based on outdated assumptions and are inappropriate for the association's future direction.

For the board, those old shoes fit pretty comfortably. So when a new chief executive arrives with new thinking in tow, the board needs to reset its mental models as well. But many boards don't. According to a 2014 Bridgespan Group study, nearly half of nonprofit CEOs say their boards didn't actively participate in the onboarding process.

That has consequences. "Anecdotally, it's pretty common for [a new] executive following a long-tenured executive not to last so long," says Robert Van Hook, FASAE, CAE, principal and chief transition evangelist at Transition Management Consulting, which assists associations during leadership changes. "Organizations get used to one style of leadership, so they tend to like what they have."

A successful executive transition, leaders agree, requires close attention by the board to its own vision as much as to the CEO hiring process—and the stamina to continue that work after the new leader has been hired.

Close Contact

When a CEO Won't Let Go

Sometimes boards get comfortable, even complacent, with a longtime executive. But if a board knows that a CEO has become a poor fit for the organization but isn't budging, what then? Robert Van Hook, FASAE, CAE, of Transition Management Consulting, recalls one situation where a board needed to help a long-tenured association leader find the door. Part of the problem is that as power shifts to a longtime CEO, he or she gathers plenty of supporters that can make change difficult. Van Hook prescribes that strong board leaders recognize their own power and gather the board's own numbers to present the case to the leader. "It took four very strong, courageous leaders," he says. "They had a study commissioned, they had to have secret meetings to talk about it with consultants, even a family therapist to even understand the dynamics of what was going on in the organization. Finally, they said [to the CEO], we think you need to retire." That conflict could have been avoided with better communication and recognition that the board ultimately serves the members, not a well-liked leader. "They're responsible to the organization," Van Hook says. "They are the stewards of that organization, and they have to do what's right for the organization."—M.A.

When Tad Parker became CEO of Printing Industries of New England in 2012, he had long experience as a printer and had served on PINE's board, but he was new to association management. That required a lot of getting up to speed, especially since PINE's previous CEO had been in place for 36 years.

To do that, the board proposed a delicate arrangement: The previous executive would stick around as an interim CEO for a year as Parker got acclimated to the role. Parker says he was grateful for the guidance, but "the downside was that as time moved on, he and I had the inevitable—'power struggle' is not the right term, but exchange of authority. I had the authority from day one but didn't want to offend him as we were moving through it. As we approached the point of transition, I didn't want to offend him by dismissing him summarily. We both wanted to make it as smooth as possible."

Ultimately, the co-CEO relationship ended amicably a few months before the year was up. Regular communication with the board was essential during this period, Parker says. "There was sustained communication and contact with the chairman at that time. He was interested in what I needed, if there were problems with the transition plan, and, if so, how could we resolve the hurdles that were ahead of us," he says.

That flexibility can be rare, Van Hook says, because over time power tends to shift away from the board to the CEO, who has often presided over multiple board transitions. New demands on the board can seem disruptive and confusing when the board has settled into rubber-stamping mode.

"When this person leaves, retires, or whatever, it often means the board—which has not been very active because they've relied so much on this wonderful executive they've had, who's helped them through all these years— needs some help itself in getting its confidence together," he says.

An Awakening

When Chris McEntee, FASAE, CAE, became CEO of the American Geophysical Union in 2010, she replaced a predecessor who had been at AGU for 38 years. The board knew it needed to change, but it also needed to empower its new executive to help it do that. A new governance structure had been drafted, "but it was new on paper," she says. "The board hadn't implemented it."

Looking back, McEntee says the board did a handful of important things to get past its old-school mindset. First, it empowered her to lead the board in thinking strategically, including bringing in an outside governance consultant. They were also strong at articulating "what they valued and what they were open to changing." Most important, they empowered McEntee to try new ideas and committed to letting her lead on the operational end.

But in retrospect, McEntee says, there was one thing she needed more of at the time: guidance about which personalities she needed to know better as she began her tenure. Board members "know who are some of the people that are good to keep in your camp, if there are people who are skeptical, or if there are people who you should really get to know," she says. "If you're a new CEO, a board can help that way."

Before McEntee's arrival, "we were clueless as a board," says AGU president Carol Finn. McEntee's guidance, she says, has helped the association move forward. But she notes much of its success results from the board establishing clear roles and responsibilities and recognizing its own power.

"There was an awakening that the CEO was not in charge of the organization and not the only one responsible," Finn says. "We were responsible."

As more boomer executives prepare to step down, more boards are taking on the challenge of thinking strategically about new leadership. Van Hook says he's seen more boards pursue "transition readiness planning" to tackle that.

"Ultimately, they have to answer the question, are we ready?" he says. "Is the organization ready to take on a new exec? To answer that question they need to have a pretty good idea of where they're going. And [they need to ask], what kind of leader do we need next?"

McEntee agrees. "A board, even when it's thinking of hiring the next CEO, has to find the person that matches the organization's strategy at that point in time rather than have preconceived notions," she says. "And they have to be very clear about what they want to preserve and what they want to see changed. And then they have to be able to help guide and coach the new person as they come in but also not overstep their bounds."

[This article was originally publishing in the Associations Now print edition, titled "Are You Ready for the Next Exec?"]

Read More

• "How to Get a Board's Trust Early," by Mark Athitakis, associationsnow.com, Sept. 29, 2014
• "Do Boards Do Enough to Support New CEOs?" by Mark Athitakis, associationsnow.com, July 21, 2014
• "Secrets of a Graceful Exit," by Leigh Wintz, FASAE, CAE, Associations Now, March 2012
• "Welcome Aboard," by Jackie Eder-Van Hook, Associations Now, April 2011